@MastersThesis{Souza:2017:MoMuEm,
author = "Souza, Greison Moreira de",
title = "Modelagem multiescala da emiss{\~a}o de carbono pela queima de
biomassa no cerrado",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2017",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2017-07-19",
keywords = "biomassa, cerrado, emiss{\~a}o de gases, queimadas, sensoriamento
remoto, biomass, savannah, emission of gases, biomass burning,
remote sensing.",
abstract = "A queima de biomassa que ocorre no Brasil desempenha um papel
importante nas emiss{\~o}es globais de gases tra{\c{c}}os e
aeross{\'o}is, devido {\`a} grande cobertura vegetal do
pa{\'{\i}}s e ao intenso processo de mudan{\c{c}}a de uso da
terra. O avan{\c{c}}o do monitoramento dos recursos terrestres
por sensoriamento remoto permitiu a obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o
quantitativa da energia liberada durante todo o ciclo de vida da
queimada, denominada de Energia Radiativa do Fogo (FRE). Para
tanto, o presente estudo visa modelar em multiescalas o montante
de biomassa queimada e as emiss{\~o}es de gases e material
particulado em uma {\'a}rea de campo limpo e campo cerrado no
Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas (PNSV): (1) queimada controlada
com obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o de medidas diretas por invent{\'a}rio
florestal; (2) estimativa in situ da FRE por meio de c{\^a}mera
termal; e (3) a partir do MODIS/Aqua, VIIRS/S-NPP e
SEVIRI/METEOSAT. O total de biomassa acima do solo foi 7,71 e
17,34 t.ha-1 para as forma{\c{c}}{\~o}es campo limpo e campo
cerrado, respectivamente. A {\'a}rea de campo limpo apresentou
92,47% (7,12 t.ha-1) de perda de biomassa (fator de
combust{\~a}o) e 39,79% (6,89 t.ha-1) na forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o
campo cerrado ap{\'o}s a queimada controlada. Assim, estimou-se
3,57 e 3,43 t.ha- 1 de disponibiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de carbono em
campo limpo e campo cerrado, respectivamente, considerando que 50%
da biomassa {\'e} carbono. A queimada controlada na {\'a}rea de
campo limpo emitiu para a atmosfera um total de 12,43 t.ha-1 CO2;
0,34 t.ha-1 CO; 0,01 t.ha-1 CH4 e 0,01 t.ha-1 PM2,5\μm, na
fitofisionomia campo cerrado as emiss{\~o}es atmosf{\'e}ricas
foram: 11,7 t.ha-1 CO2; 0,47 t.ha-1 CO; 0,008 t.ha-1 CH4 e 0,03
t.ha-1 PM2,5\μm, medidas obtidas a partir do invent{\'a}rio
florestal. A m{\'a}xima Pot{\^e}ncia Radiativa do Fogo (FRP)
registrada no experimento de queimada controlada foi 89,18 MW
(794,89 K) e 20,75 MW (635,02 K) em campo limpo e campo cerrado,
respectivamente. Em campo limpo a FRE foi 21.350,60 MJ. Dessa
forma, foram queimadas 17,64 t de biomassa na {\'a}rea recoberta
pela c{\^a}mera termal, o que corresponde a 8,16 t.ha-1. Assim, a
estimativa de biomassa queimada derivada a partir da FRE foi 14,4%
maior que o resultado do invent{\'a}rio florestal. As estimativas
de emiss{\~o}es dos gases tra{\c{c}}os e do material particulado
por meio da FRE foi 14,6% maior do que as estimativas derivadas a
partir do invent{\'a}rio florestal. Esses resultados provam a
robustez das estimativas realizadas com a c{\^a}mera termal, uma
vez que esta deriva{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\'e} realizada de forma
indireta com o emprego da energia que {\'e} emitida pelo processo
da combust{\~a}o. Infere-se, ent{\~a}o, a fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o
direta da emiss{\~a}o de energia com a quantidade de biomassa
consumida e de emiss{\~o}es atmosf{\'e}ricas. A
quantifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de biomassa queimada e de emiss{\~o}es
a partir de sensores orbitais tem encontrado dificuldade devido
{\`a} combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos fatores de resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o
espacial e temporal. O lan{\c{c}}amento de novos sistemas
remotos, com melhor rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o
espacial e temporal, como a s{\'e}rie de quatro sat{\'e}lites
(GOESR/ S/T/U), representa um novo caminho na obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o
de informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es sobre as queimadas a partir da FRP.
ABSTRACT: The biomass burning in Brazil plays an important role in
global atmospheric emissions of trace gases and aerosol, due to
the large vegetation cover and intense change of land-cover in the
country. The advancement of monitoring by remote sensing allowed
to quantify the energy released in the form of electromagnetic
radiation during the burning, called Fire Radiative Energy (FRE).
Therefore, the present study aims to model in multiscale the
amount of biomass burned above ground and the atmospheric
emissions in a grassland and closed field area in Parque Nacional
das Sempre-Vivas (PNSV): (1) controlled burning with direct
measurements by forest inventory; (2) estimation in situ of FRE
through the thermal camera; (3) and estimation from MODIS/Aqua,
VIIRS/S-NPP and the SEVIRI/METEOSAT. Forestry inventory estimated
7.71 and 17.34 t.ha-1 of above ground biomass for grassland and
closed field, respectively. The grassland showed 92.47% (7.12
t.ha-1) biomass loss (combustion factor) while closed field
formation showed 39.79% (6.89 t.ha-1) after controlled burning.
Thus, it was estimated that 3.57 and 3.43 t.ha-1 of carbon
availability in the grassland and closed field, respectively,
whereas that 50% of the biomass is carbon. Controlled burning in
the grassland emitted to the atmosphere a total of 12.43 t.ha-1
CO2; 0.34 t.ha-1 CO; 0.01 t.ha-1 CH4 and 0.01 t.ha-1
PM2.5\μm, in the closed field emissions were: 11.7 t.ha-1
CO2; 0.47 t.ha-1 CO; 0.008 t.ha-1 CH4 and 0.03 t.ha-1
PM2.5\μm, measurements obtained from the forest inventory.
The maximum Fire Radiative Power (FRP) recorded from the field
scale combustion experiment was 89.18 MW (794.89 K) and 20.75 MW
(635.02 K) in the grassland and closed field, respectively. In the
grassland, the FRE was 21,350.60 MJ, hence, 17.64 t of biomass
were burned in the area covered by the thermal camera,
corresponding to 8.16 t.ha-1. That being the case, the estimate of
biomass burned from the FRE was 14,4% higher than the result of
the forest inventory and estimates of launch of trace gases and
aerosol estimated by the thermal camera were 14,6% higher than the
forest inventory. These results prove the robustness of the
estimates made with the thermal camera, because these derivations
are realized indirectly with the use of the energy that is emitted
by the combustion process, attesting the direct function of the
emission of energy with the amount of biomass consumed and
atmospheric emissions. The quantification of the biomass burned
and the emissions from orbital sensors has encountered
difficulties due to the combination of spatial and temporal
resolution factors. The launch of new remote systems with better
relation spatial and temporal resolution, such as the four
satellites series (GOES-R/S/T/U), represents a new way of
obtaining information on fires from the FRP.",
committee = "Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir (presidente) and Moraes, Elisabete Caria
(orientadora) and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de
(orientador) and Pereira, Gabriel",
englishtitle = "Multiscale modeling of carbon emission from biomass burning in the
cerrado",
language = "pt",
pages = "121",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3P5A4EH",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3P5A4EH",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}